Customer paid her phone bill at 8:22 a.m. on Friday. Friday night at 9:12 p.m. she paid her phone bill again. She forgot she already paid it. The phone company said she would have to file a claim to get her money back. Would this scenario required provisional credit under Regulation E she she initiated both transactions?

No. She can't assert an incorrect or unauthorized transfer when she initiated both of them and was charged the amount she initiated. You can attempt a chargeback under Visa/Mastercard rules, but that is not subject to the Reg E error resolution procedures since there was no error.

By the time a chargeback is completed, another month's phone bill may be due. Depending on the amounts involved, the customer might be better off if the phone service provider credits the second payment to her account to reduce next month's bill.